The Russian Orthodox Church has rapidly increased its presence across the African continent, expanding from operations in just four countries to 34 in less than three years. This development followed a late-2021 decision by the Church’s governing body to establish a Patriarchal Exarchate of Africa. Since then, hundreds of parishes and communities have been created, alongside the recruitment of more than 270 clergy members. While officially framed as missionary work, Ukrainian analysts argue that this expansion aligns closely with Moscow’s broader geopolitical ambitions.

According to Ukraine’s Center for Countering Disinformation, the Church’s activities should not be viewed in isolation. Instead, they appear to coincide with a wider strategy by the Kremlin to strengthen its influence across Africa. Reports indicate that a dedicated unit within the Russian government now coordinates Africa-related policy, suggesting that religious outreach is being integrated into state planning. Within this framework, religious institutions are allegedly being used as tools of soft power to promote narratives critical of Western countries and to build networks of influence favorable to Russian interests.

The Center further claims that alongside these efforts, Russia has been increasing recruitment initiatives targeting African nationals. These recruits are reportedly sought for work in defense industries and even for participation in the war against Ukraine. This dual approach—combining ideological influence with manpower acquisition—highlights how religious outreach may serve broader strategic purposes beyond spirituality.

At the same time, pro-Kremlin religious actors are also focusing on technological influence. Representatives linked to the Russian Orthodox Church have proposed developing a domestic artificial intelligence system based on traditional spiritual values. They argue that Western AI technologies embed foreign ideologies that could negatively shape Russia’s information environment. The proposed system would function as a controlled guide to approved knowledge, aligned strictly with Church teachings.

Concerns about the intersection of religion, politics, and security are not limited to Africa. In Sweden, an Orthodox-affiliated group has come under investigation over suspected ties to Russian military intelligence and alleged fundraising efforts that may have supported Russian military operations. These developments collectively illustrate how religious structures are increasingly intertwined with Russia’s geopolitical and informational strategies.

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